Waterproof Rating and Breathability Explained

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Here in the UK our weather is often unpredictable and somewhat challenging for us busy Equestrians!

Having appropriate waterproof gear is absolutely essential to allow you to make the most of your time with your horse in any weather conditions, in or out of the saddle. 

Breathability should also be a careful consideration when choosing your riding gear,   faster paced work and general schooling are high exertion activities , meaning that heat and sweat build up needs to be able to escape to keep you dry and comfortable all day every day in any season.



What Do They Do?

Waterproof fabrics are resistant to water penetration, achieved using a membrane or a coating that acts as a barrier, preventing moisture from permeating the fabric. This is crucial for riders in unpredictable climates

Breathable fabrics allow sweat in the form of water vapor to escape from the inside of the fabric to the outside. Breathable materials help keep you cool and dry, especially during high-exertion activities

While it's common for a fabric to be both waterproof and breathable, some brand and products may prioritize particular properties over others. Some materials may be more waterproof, while others may be more breathable. These variations in the fabrics help cater to the kind of equestrian activity you're embarking on.

There's no question. A waterproof and breathable riding jacket is essential gear for busy equestrians. But finding the right one for you isn't always so simple. Ensuring you get the right levels of waterproofness and breathability will make sure you stay comfortable during long days in the saddle, training, teaching or on the yard.

What Do The Numbers Mean?

Waterproof Ratings:
• 5,000mm: The minimum rating for a jacket to be called rainproof. However, it won't stand up to much more than a light shower.
• 10,000mm – 15,000mm: Withstands most downpours and rain, but will soak through over time, such as sitting in the saddle for extended periods or working outdoors in wet conditions.
• 20,000mm +  The rating you should look for if you're planning to be out in all conditions in or out of the saddle for prolonged periods

Breathability Ratings:
• 5,000 – 10,000g/m²: This level of breathability is fine for a quick hack or standing at shows etc. , but might get pretty clammy during higher-intensity work
• 10,000 – 15,000g/m²: Ideal for most general riding activities but won't' cut it for high intensity work, jumping, fast work, XC, or higher energy everyday yard duties 
• 15,000 – 20,000g/m² & above: will have you covered to stay completely dry, and comfortable whatever the weather and whatever the intensity of activity and through long & varied days with a mix of activity levels.

*Waterproofness is measured in water column, i.e. the direct water pressure a fabric can withstand before it starts to leak. The higher the water column, expressed in mm, the more water pressure the fabric can withstand.

** Breathability is measured in the number of grams of water per square meter of fabric that are released over a 24 hour period, g/m2/24h. The higher the figure, the more moisture is released through the construction of the fabric

Should I Just Go For The Highest Rating?

Not necessarily. The waterproof and breathability ratings you need will depend on the conditions and the type of riding you're doing. For instance, if you mainly ride in an indoor arena in dry conditions, you can get away with a lower waterproof rating. If you're an eventer who rides a variety of disciplines in any and all weather conditions, you'll need a high waterproof rating so you're not soaked from rain and splashes, and a high breathability rating so you're not drenched in sweat.

Generally, a minimum of 5,000mm is good for light riding in clear conditions. 5-10,000mm is ideal for those who spend long days at the stables or competing, in varied weather conditions. 10-20,000mm is best for those based in wetter climates or riders who prefer intense training sessions and all-weather riding.

Waterproof Rating (mm) Level of Water Resistance
0-5,000mm No/little resistance
6,000-10,000mm Some resistance
11,000-15,000mm Normal resistance
16,000-20,000mm High resistance
20,000mm + Highest resistance

How Does It Work?

Waterproof fabrics typically have either two or three layers:

• The Outer Layer: Also known as a 'face fabric', this is often made of nylon or polyester. Its main role is to provide initial protection from the elements, and it's normally treated with a DWR (Durable Water Repellent) treatment. DWR isn't the same as waterproof; think of it as the first line of defence against water that will help prevent fabric saturation from rain or splashes.

• The Membrane: This is where the magic happens. These are typically made of materials like ePTFE (expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene) which has small holes to stop water entering but allow vapor out. The membrane can be coated with a Polyurethane (PU) layer or another oleophobic coating to prevent contamination from sweat or oils, which could reduce its effectiveness.

• Inner layer: The 2-layer laminate (outer layer + membrane) is bound to a mesh or fabric lining. This increases the breathability of the fabric and protects the membrane. The type of inner layer impacts the classification of the fabric (2-layer or 3-layer) and affects its breathability, fit, and price.

Construction Types

Equestrian gear is typically classified in layers: 

• 2-LAYER: Flexible and comfortable, this is often used in everyday riding jackets. It's the most affordable option but may compromise on breathability and durability for intense riding activities.

• 2.5-LAYER: Lightweight and more affordable than 3-Layer, this construction is often used in packable rain gear for riders. It's less breathable and durable than 3-Layer options.

• 3-LAYER: The most advanced construction, offering protective, lightweight, durable, and highly breathable fabric. Ideal for high-performance equestrian gear used in intense training or all-day competitions.

Things To Look Out For

• Seam Taping: Crucial for riding gear, as seams are often stressed during riding activities. Look for fully taped seams in jackets .

• DWR: Durable Water Repellent coating is especially useful for riding gear that faces frequent exposure to water, mud, and horse sweat.

• Fabric care: Proper care is essential to maintain the waterproofing of your riding gear. Follow the manufacturer's instructions, which may include special detergents and periodic re-application of DWR.

• Flexibility: Ensure the waterproof gear is cut and designed specifically for riding and so allows you a full and unrestricted range of motion as is required in riding, especially in areas like across the shoulders, elbows, and knees.

• Durability: Look for reinforced areas in high-wear zones like the seat and inner legs of breeches.

By understanding these aspects of waterproofing and breathability, you can choose the best equestrian gear to keep you comfortable and dry, whether your day has in store!